Different Types of Land Titles in Nigeria (2025 Guide)

Different Types of Land Titles in Nigeria (2025 Guide)
Buying land in Nigeria? Don’t sign anything until you understand the type of title attached to the property.

Land titles are more than just paperwork—they determine ownership, security, and whether the land is even worth your money. This post breaks it down in the simplest way possible.

1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
This is the gold standard. Issued by the state government, it proves that you have legal rights to occupy the land for 99 years. If you’re buying land in Lagos or Ogun, always ask if there’s a C of O. It’s like having a governor’s blessing on your land.

2. Governor’s Consent
Every land transaction that changes ownership must get the governor’s approval. If someone with a C of O sells land to you, your next legal step is to obtain a Governor’s Consent in your name.

✅ Quick Tip: No Governor’s Consent? You may not legally own it—even if you paid in full.

3. Deed of Assignment
This document transfers ownership from the seller to you. It shows who sold what to whom and when. Make sure your lawyer registers this with the appropriate land registry.

4. Deed of Sublease
Sometimes, people lease land from others who already hold a C of O. In this case, you get a deed of sublease. It’s valid but not as strong as a direct C of O or Governor’s Consent.

5. Excision & Gazette
An “excision” means the government has officially released land to a community. If the land is excised and recorded in a Gazette, it’s recognized by the state and can be processed for a C of O. If it’s not gazetted, avoid it—too risky.

6. Survey Plan
This isn’t a title but a must-have. It shows the exact boundaries and location of your land. Use it to confirm if your plot is in government acquisition or a safe zone.

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📌 Final Thoughts
Before you fall in love with cheap land, ask for the title. A wrong title can cost you millions or your peace of mind. And remember: never buy land without a lawyer and a search at the land registry.